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It is said that Nea Kallikratia was already inhabited in prehistoric times, but excavations have never been that. A tombstone was found dating from the 5th century BC, with a pediment with the image of a young woman with a dove on her arm. This tombstone is now on display in the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.
Also a Byzantine silver relic box from the fourth or fifth century with carved representations of the Old and New Testaments on the four sides, which was found in the area of Nea Iraklia, can be seen in this museum.
Just outside Nea Kallikratia, about 5 kilometers north at Nea Gonia, lies the acropolis of Antigonia, which was built in 285 BC by king Antigonus Gonata of Macedonia in this naturally well-protected place. Soon the city expanded and became an important place. In 168 BC the city was besieged by the Romans. Also in the 14th century Antigonia was still mentioned, and at that time it was split into two parts: a lower and an upper village.
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